Similarly, to other tree fruit species, the peach and apricot have also caught the attention of farmers, consumers and scientists in the last twenty years, thanks to their richness in metabolites with nutraceutical properties, such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. These results are encouraging for the valorization of the still poorly explored Italian Prunus germplasm, with significant economic consequences for bioresource conservation and management. A reliable identification of each genotype was achieved, and the presence of possible mislabeling and/or erroneous denominations was solved. Genotyping in 15 and 18 SSRs, eight of which were transferable across both species, showed an average polymorphic informativeness (PIC) of 0.44 and 0.59 for apricot and peach, respectively, and a total of 70 and 144 alleles. Genetic data allowed the discovery of diversity masked by morphological traits. Most of the official descriptor categories were scored, thus revealing a rather high level of phenotypic variation in both collections. persica) germplasms collected in old family orchards. This research aimed to genetically and morphologically characterize the traditional apricot ( P. In Southern Italy, many of the local and/or neglected varieties are abandoned and at risk of extinction due to the high degree of urbanization and agricultural intensification, despite their value as genetic resources for crop improvement. The Prunus genus encompasses a group of economically important and closely related crops, sharing an essentially common genome and, thereby, a high level of conserved and transferable microsatellite (SSR) loci.
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